Quantitative Literacy Practice Exam 2025 – Comprehensive Preparation Guide

To determine the probability of selecting either a nine or a club from a standard deck of cards, we first need to analyze the components involved.

A standard deck contains 52 cards, which includes 4 nines (one from each suit: hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades) and 13 clubs (the entire suit of clubs). When calculating the probability of drawing either a nine or a club, it's essential to consider the overlap – specifically, the nine of clubs is counted in both categories.

To calculate the total number of favorable outcomes, add the number of nines and the number of clubs, but subtract the overlap (the nine of clubs):

- Total nines: 4

- Total clubs: 13

- Nine of clubs (counted in both categories, so we subtract 1): 1

Now, the total favorable outcomes are:

4 (nines) + 13 (clubs) - 1 (nine of clubs) = 16.

The probability is then calculated as the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes in the deck:

Probability = Favorable outcomes / Total outcomes = 16 / 52.

When simplified, this fraction reduces to 4 / 13. Thus